Objective: To determine the role of Pogosta virus as a triggering infection in non-specific arthritis.

Methods: Serum samples of 142 patients with acute arthritis were screened for the evidence of Pogosta virus infection. Serological tests for Chlamydia trachomatis, salmonella, parvovirus B19, and Borrelia burgdorferi were also carried out. As verified later, 78 of the patients had rheumatoid arthritis and 63 seronegative poly- or oligoarthritis, while one had systemic lupus erythematosus.

Results: In the early stage of the joint symptoms 4 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 1 with seronegative polyarthritis and 1 with systemic lupus erythematosus had recent Pogosta virus infection. Four of them had probably had Pogosta disease at the time of the onset of arthritis. In 11 patients with a diagnosis of seronegative arthritis, serological evidence of preceding infection due to salmonella or Chlamydia trachomatis was found, strongly suggesting classical reactive arthritis in these cases.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that also a Sindbis virus infection may be associated both to an acute joint inflammation as a part of Pogosta disease or chronic arthritis. At present, this possibility still needs further research.