Dysregulation of interaction between the gut microbiota and the host immune system leads to the development of chronic inflammation, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Numerous studies have shown that the host-microbiota of IBD can directly or indirectly affect the homeostasis of the immune system. Furthermore, the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines involves in maintaining a healthy microbiota community and enhances epithelial barrier functions. Understanding the interactions between gut microbiota and cytokines (IL-10, IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α) provides crucial insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.