Urachal carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy with an unknown aetiology and poor prognosis. The present case report described a 31-year-old male patient who initially presented with a 5-day history of haematuria. FDG-PET/CT demonstrated nodules in the anterior wall of the bladder with increased glucose metabolism, which were suggestive of malignancy. A cystoscopic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of urachal carcinoma. The patient underwent en bloc robot-assisted laparoscopic modified partial cystectomy, along the umbilicus and urachus resection, and pelvic lymph node dissection. The patient recovered within 2 weeks postoperatively, with complete tumour resection confirmed by pathological analysis, which showed negative margins and no recurrence was detected during a 5-month follow-up. The current case highlighted the potential of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery as an effective treatment option for urachal carcinoma, offering insights for further optimization and broader clinical application, and reviewed the currently available literature.