Body Composition, Adiposity Phenotype, Metabolic Flexibility, and Gut Microbiota in PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 Gene Variant Carriers and Non-carriers With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Effects of a Nutritional Intervention Combined to Exercise

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated to obesity, metabolic syndrome and genetic predisposition: specific variants of the genes PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 are the most involved. Also biochemical mechanisms that affect the metabolic flexibility need to be better clarified. It is known that a dietary intervention, accompanied by a physical personalized training, reduce either the hepatic fat content either insulin resistance. Therefore, the aim of the study is to evaluate metabolic flexibility in obese NAFLD subjects taking in account the presence or absence of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphism and the histopathological diagnosis of either simple steatosis or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The composition of gut microbiota will be also evaluated. Finally, two distinct healthy dietary profiles accompanied by a personalized physical training, will be tested to comprehend whether and how healthy diets could operate in the clinical treatment of NAFLD and related conditions.