Learn About Yellow Fever
Yellow fever is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes.
Tropical hemorrhagic fever caused by yellow fever virus
Yellow fever is caused by a virus carried by mosquitoes. You can develop this disease if you are bitten by a mosquito infected with this virus.
This disease is common in South America and in sub-Saharan Africa.
Anyone can get yellow fever, but older people have a higher risk of severe infection.
If a person is bitten by an infected mosquito, symptoms usually develop 3 to 6 days later.
Yellow fever has 3 stages:
- Stage 1 (infection): Headache, muscle and joint aches, fever, flushing, loss of appetite, vomiting, and jaundice are common. Symptoms often go away within a week.
- Stage 2 (remission): Fever and other symptoms go away. Most people will recover at this stage, but others may get worse within 24 hours.
- Stage 3 (intoxication): Problems with many organs may occur, including the heart, liver, and kidney. Bleeding disorders, seizures, coma, and delirium may also occur.
Symptoms may include:
- Fever, headache, muscle aches
- Nausea and vomiting, possibly vomiting blood
- Red eyes, face, tongue
- Yellow skin and eyes (jaundice)
- Decreased urination
- Delirium
- Irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias)
- Bleeding (may progress to hemorrhage)
- Seizures
- Coma
There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. Treatment is supportive and focuses on:
- Blood products for severe bleeding
- Dialysis for kidney failure
- Fluids through a vein (intravenous fluids)
Johan Neyts practices in Leuven, Belgium. Mr. Neyts and is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of Yellow Fever. His top areas of expertise are Yellow Fever, Hepatitis E, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, Togaviridae Disease, and Lung Transplant.
Olindo Filho-Martins practices in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Filho-Martins and is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of Yellow Fever. Their top areas of expertise are Yellow Fever, Chagas Disease, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, and Ocular Toxoplasmosis.
Betania Drumond practices in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Ms. Drumond and is rated as an Elite expert by MediFind in the treatment of Yellow Fever. Her top areas of expertise are Yellow Fever, Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, Dengue Fever, and Arbovirosis.
Yellow fever can cause severe problems, including internal bleeding. Death is possible.
Complications that may result include:
- Coma
- Death
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Kidney failure
- Liver failure
- Salivary gland infection (parotitis)
- Secondary bacterial infections
- Shock
Tell your provider right away if you or your child develops fever, headache, muscle aches, vomiting, or jaundice, especially if you have traveled to an area where yellow fever is common.
There is an effective vaccine against yellow fever. Ask your provider at least 10 to 14 days before traveling if you should be vaccinated against yellow fever. Some countries require proof of vaccination to gain entry.
If you will be traveling to an area where yellow fever is common:
- Sleep in screened housing
- Use mosquito repellents
- Wear clothing that fully covers your body
Summary: The purpose of this study is to assess the safety of vYF (investigational vaccine) compared to the safety of YF-VAX (YF licensed vaccine) in adults aged 18 years up to 60 years. Study details include: * The study duration will be up to approximately 6 months. * One single dose of the study intervention (vYF or YF-VAX) will be administered subcutaneously at the 1st visit. * The visit(V) frequency w...
Summary: The aim of this study is to identify an optimal infant vaccine schedule for a malaria vaccine which is better aligned with the timing of other vaccine interventions.
Published Date: December 31, 2023
Published By: Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Yellow fever. About yellow fever. www.cdc.gov/yellow-fever/. Updated May 15, 2024. Accessed June 19, 2024.
Endy TP. Viral hemorrhagic fevers. In: Ryan ET, Hill DR, Solomon T, Aronson NE, Endy TP, eds. Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 37.
Thomas SJ, Endy TP, Rothman AL, Barrett AD. Flaviviruses (dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile encephalitis, Usutu encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, Kyasanur Forest disease, Alkhurma hemorrhagic fever, Zika). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 153.